As Hurricane Earl made landfall in Nova Scotia on September 4th, a large polar vortex dumped an unseasonably cold air mass into the Midwest.
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The freezing line at 700 mb reached the Ohio River:
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On the night of September 6th, a storm over Minnesota bottomed out at 994 mb:
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Frost advisories were issued for the arrowhead of Minnesota and northern Wisconsin on the morning of September 9th, and some stations in this area dropped below freezing.
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Another cold air mass on September 14th prompted frost advisories down to lower Michigan:
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On September 17th freeze warnings (lighter blue) were issued for most of North Dakota, northern Minnesota, and northern Maine:
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It was even cold enough for snow to accumulate in the lower elevations in central Montana.
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On September 24th, a 993 mb storm prompted storm warnings (purple) over Lake Superior.
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Also on the 24th, a huge Gulf of Alaska storm reached 953 mb:
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On September 25th, the North Pacific jet stream had already reached 200 knots:
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This morning, September 27, frost advisories went down to the county northwest of Milwaukee:
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A much more extensive freeze is possible next weekend. The 850 mb freezing line is forecast by GEFS to reach the Ohio Valley by Saturday morning (12Z Oct 2).
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